Friday, March 17, 2017

Greece and Mass Wasting

Mass Wasting is not a term is widely known or used, however the concept of it is. Mass wasting is "the movement of a large mass of rock or soil and debris downwards due to the pull of gravity" (1) In the broad hazard of mass wasting, there are multiple kinds of them that occur in nature. The names of them are rockslide, rockfall, debris flow, earthflow, solifluction, mudflow, debris avalanche, creep, and slump (2). With all those different kinds of mass wasting, it is bound to occur in many places, including Greece.

 Mass Wasting is not a hugely dangerous natural hazard for Greece however it is starting to become more frequent in the form of landslides. This is because the country has seen an influx of urbanization and development on areas that are already prone to mass wasting. For example, the in the thirty seven year period between 1949 and 1986, Greece saw about 800 instances of mass wasting, specifically in landslides. (3) On top of that, in the last ten years, Greece has experienced a 25% increase in the frequency of mass wasting, especially in the more heavily touristed areas of the country. This is so because there is increased development to continue the economic input of tourism in the country. (4) However a rise in deforestation, precipitation, and land erosion has made some areas of Greece more susceptible to other kinds of mass wasting, especially mudflow and earthflow.

Just as for other natural hazards, Greece has put a mitigation system in place in the case of mass wasting in the country. For example, there is the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) that is Greece main geoscientific advisor for the Greek government, as well as geological survey for the country, which includes the Landslide Consultancy Project. (5) This project database collects data of mass wasting in terms of location, geographic details, mass wasting data, and mass wasting process. The IGME reports to the government about the occurrence of mass wasting so they can begin to relay the message to citizens. There are special monitoring systems in place for the most vulnerable areas, such as above highways and villages, that are functioning to disseminate warnings to. (6)

Sources:

Source 1: http://study.com/academy/lesson/mass-wasting-definition-types-causes-processes.html

Source 2: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/geology/mass-wasting/types-of-mass-wasting

Source 3 & 4: http://www.climatechangepost.com/greece/avalanches-and-landslides/

Source 5: http://h05-prod-vm15.jrc.it/Library/Themes/Landslides/Meeting102007/Greece_Landslides.pdf

Source 6: www.preventionweb,net/files/30908_greeceyokohamareport.pdf